Q [1]  Can I join the congregational prayer when I do not know which Rak’ah the imam is currently in?

You can join the congregational prayer and do the appropriate tasks for your prayer after that.

Q [2]  Can we offer the prayer of Eid-ul-Ghadeer in congregation?

No, it is not offered in congregational.

Q [3]  Someone joins the congregational prayer while the imam is in the bowing position, but he later changes his intention not to follow the imam. He subsequently decides to follow him again during the same prayer. Can he do so?

If he intended to break the congregational prayer and pray alone, and then he or the imam had performed an act of prayer, then he has left the congregational prayer and must complete his prayer alone. Rather, the same is the case if neither of them performed any act, as an obligatory precaution.

Q [4]  Is it possible to join in the 4th Raka'ah of the imam after the bowing has already been completed? If so, then how?

Yes, it is possible to join after the last bow by reciting Takbeeratul-Ihram (“Allahu Akbar”) and following the imam in prostration until the imam finishes the prayer. The prayer is continued – without counting the prostration with the imam as part of the first raka'ah – by standing for his first raka’ah without reciting Takbeeratul-Ihram again.

Q [5]  Can I join in the prostration of the first Raka’ah but not consider that as the first Raka’ah for myself, or is that only allowed when I am sure the imam is in the last Raka’ah?

Yes, you can and that is not limited to the last Raka’ah.

Q [6]  Is it true that if the congregational prayer is some distance away and I come into the prayer hall and the Imam is in the bowing position, I can do Takbeeratul-Ihram and bow down where I am and walk in the state of bowing to join the congregation?

When present in the place of congregational prayer, one can recite Takbeeratul-Ihram – even if not close to the group of the congregation – and walk even during prostration to join the congregation.

Q [7]  If I join the congregational prayer in the 2nd Raka'ah and the Imam does Qunoot, may I do Qunoot with him?

Yes, it is permissible.

Q [8]  If a woman leads men in congregational prayers, is their prayer valid?

The prayer is invalid.

Q [9]  Can men and women pray in the same row in congregational prayer?

Males and females can pray in one row. However, it is better for the female to stand slightly behind the male in such a way that the place of prostration is level with the knee of the male when he is in prostration.

Q [10]  What is Adalah?

Adalah – as a condition in the imam of the congregational prayer and in the witness – is a level of fearing Almighty Allah that leads to avoiding committing major sins. Committing small sins without insistence does not affect it. Adalah – as a condition in the Marja – is a high level of God-fearing which causes the person to refrain from disobeying religious laws and committing sins – whether they were small or major. If he rarely commits a sin, he would rush to repent and return to the Almighty Allah.